Abstract Introduction: People who need hospitalization in Intensive Care (CI) are people exposed to stress factors, because it is a limited physical context, with artificial light and permanent noise. Added to these factors is the hostile and emotionally exhausting environment resulting from the complexity of the care needed for the person in a critical situation (Correia, 2020), making them vulnerable and at risk of developing Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). There is currently a vast literature on PTSD, however, existing research on the role of nurses in the prevention of SPT in people hospitalized in CI is scarce. Objetive: To map nursing knowledge on nursing interventions that help prevent PTSD in inpatients in the context of CI. Methods: Scoping Review according to the Joanne Briggs Institute’s (JBI) methodology. The research strategy will map published studies. The databases included will be: PUBMED, CINAHL via EBSCO, JBI Database of Systematic Reviews, COCHRANE Database of Systematic Reviews, Portuguese Open Access Scientific Repository, OpenGrey and Dart-Europe. This review will integrate articles focusing on nursing interventions that help prevent post-traumatic stress disorder in inpatients in the context of intensive care and will include quantitative, qualitative or mixed studies, as well as systematic reviews, guidelines and gray literature. Results: It is hoped to identify the nursing interventions that are determinant for the prevention of PTSD in inpatients in the context of CI Conclusion: The results of this review will show the role of nursing in the prevention of PTSD of the inpatient in the context of CI, raising awareness of this issue, specifically to achieve highly significant and clinically relevant outcomes in this area.

Resumen Introducción: Las personas que necesitan hospitalización en Cuidados Intensivos (CI) son personas expuestas a factores de estrés, por tratarse de un contexto físico limitado, con luz artificial y ruido permanente. A estos factores se suma el ambiente hostil y emocionalmente agotador que resulta de la complejidad de los cuidados necesarios para la persona en situación crítica (Correia, 2020), haciéndola vulnerable y en riesgo de desarrollar Trastorno de Estrés Postraumático (SPT). Actualmente existe una vasta literatura sobre el SPT, sin embargo, las investigaciones existentes sobre el papel de las enfermeras en la prevención del SPT en personas hospitalizadas en CI son escasas. Objetivo: mapear el conocimiento de enfermería sobre las intervenciones de enfermería que ayudan a prevenir el trastorno de estrés postraumático en pacientes internados en el contexto de cuidados intensivos. Métodos: Scoping Review según la metodología del Joanne Briggs Institute (JBI). La estrategia de investigación mapeará estudios publicados. Las bases de datos incluidas serán: PUBMED, CINAHL a través de EBSCO, Base de datos de revisiones sistemáticas JBI, Base de datos de revisiones sistemáticas COCHRANE, Repositorio científico de acceso abierto portugués, OpenGrey y Dart-Europe. Esta revisión integrará artículos centrados en las intervenciones de enfermería que ayudan a prevenir el trastorno de estrés postraumático en pacientes hospitalizados en el contexto de cuidados intensivos e incluirá estudios cuantitativos, cualitativos o mixtos, así como revisiones sistemáticas, guías y literatura gris. Resultados: Con esta revisión de alcance se espera identificar las intervenciones de enfermería que son determinantes para la prevención del SPT en pacientes internados en el contexto de CI. Conclusión: Los resultados de esta revisión mostratán el papel de la enfermería en la prevención del SPT del paciente hospitalizado en el contexto de CI, creando conciencia sobre este tema, específicamente para lograr resultados altamente significativos y clínicamente relevantes.

Resumo Introdução: As pessoas que necessitam de internamento em Cuidados Intensivos (CI) são pessoas expostas a fatores de stresse, por se tratar de um contexto físico limitado, com luz artificial e ruído permanente. A estes fatores soma-se o ambiente hostil e emocionalmente desgastante decorrente da complexidade dos cuidados necessários à pessoa em situação crítica (Correia, 2020), tornando-a vulnerável e em risco de desenvolver Stresse Pós-Traumático (SPT). Existe, atualmente, vasta literatura sobre o SPT, no entanto, a investigação existente sobre o papel do enfermeiro na prevenção do SPT em pessoas internadas em CI é escassa. Objetivo: Mapear as intervenções de enfermagem que previnem o SPT em pessoas internadas em contexto de CI. Métodos: Scoping Review segundo a metodologia do Joanne Briggs Institute (JBI). A estratégia de pesquisa mapeará estudos publicados. As bases de dados incluídas serão: PUBMED, CINAHL via EBSCO, JBI Database of Systematic Reviews, COCHRANE Database of Systematic Reviews, Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal, OpenGrey e Dart-Europe. Esta revisão integrará artigos centrados nas intervenções de enfermagem que contribuem para prevenir o SPT em pessoas internadas em contexto de CI e incluirá estudos com desenhos quantitativos, qualitativos ou mistos, bem como revisões sistemáticas e guidelines. Resultados: Espera-se identificar as intervenções de enfermagem que são determinantes para a prevenção do SPT em pessoas internadas no contexto de CI. Conclusão: Os resultados desta revisão evidenciarão o papel da enfermagem na prevenção de SPT do doente internado em contexto de CI, sensibilizando para esta temática, especificamente para alcançar resultados altamente significativos e clinicamente relevantes nesta área.

Resumen Introducción: Es importante comprender el concepto de confort en su conjunto para construir un plan de intervención asistencial adecuado a las necesidades de la persona. Un ambiente tranquilo y pacífico favorece la adherencia de la persona al tratamiento, lo que permite mejores resultados. Objetivos: Desarrollar una revisión de alcance que permita mapear las intervenciones que promueven el confort ambiental para el sueño de la persona críticamente enferma. Métodos: Revisión de la literatura, basada en la estrategia metodológica del Instituto Joanna Briggs para Scoping Reviews. Las bases de datos utilizadas serán: CINAHL Complete, COCHRANE Library Plus, PUBMED, JBI Evidence Synthesis, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), y como fuentes de literatura gris se incluirán, OpenGrey, Open Access Scientific Repositories of Portugal (RCAAP) y DART - Europe. Resultados: Con la elaboración de este scoping review, se espera mapear las intervenciones de enfermería que contribuyen al confort ambiental y favorecen el sueño en personas hospitalizadas en cuidados intensivos y en situación crítica, así como indicadores e instrumentos para evaluar el sueño. Conclusiones: El desarrollo del conocimiento sobre las intervenciones de enfermería en el contexto del cuidado crítico permitirá mapear un conjunto de intervenciones que se enfocan en promover el confort de la persona en situación crítica. Como resultado, centrándose en las intervenciones dirigidas al confort, se produce una mejora en la calidad y cantidad del sueño, lo que contribuye al normal funcionamiento y rápida recuperación de la persona en situación crítica.

Resumo Introdução É importante compreender o conceito de conforto como um todo para construir um plano de intervenção assistencial adequado às necessidades da pessoa. Um ambiente calmo e tranquilo potencializa a adesão da pessoa ao tratamento, o que permite melhores resultados. Objetivos: Desenvolver uma scoping review que permita mapear as intervenções de enfermagem que promovem conforto ambiental no sono da pessoa em situação crítica. Métodos: Revisão da literatura, com base na estratégia metodológica do Instituto Joanna Briggs para Scoping Reviews. As bases de dados utilizadas serão: CINAHL Complete, COCHRANE Library Plus, PUBMED, JBI Evidence Synthesis, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), e como fontes de literatura cinzenta incluirão, OpenGrey, Repositórios Científicos de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (RCAAP) e DART- Europe. Resultados: Espera-se com a elaboração desta scoping review mapear as intervenções de enfermagem que contribuem para o conforto ambiental e promovem o sono em pessoas internadas em cuidados intensivos e em situação crítica, assim como, os indicadores e instrumentos para avaliar o sono presentes no nos artigos incluídos. Conclusões: O desenvolvimento do conhecimento sobre as intervenções de enfermagem em contexto de cuidados críticos irá permitir mapear um conjunto de intervenções que tenham em foco a promoção conforto da pessoa em situação crítica.

Abstract Introduction: It is important to understand the concept of comfort as a whole in order to build a care intervention plan that is appropriate to the needs of the person. A quiet and peaceful environment enhances the person's adherence to treatment, which allows better outcomes. Aims and objectives: To develop a scoping review that makes possible to map the nursing interventions that promote environmental comfort to the sleep of the critically ill person. Methods: Literature review, based on the methodological strategy of the Joanna Briggs Institute for Scoping Reviews. The databases used will be: CINAHL Complete, COCHRANE Library Plus, PUBMED, JBI Evidence Synthesis, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO); and as sources of gray literature: OpenGrey, Open Access Scientific Repositories in Portugal (RCAAP). Results: With this scoping review it is expected to map nursing interventions that contribute to environmental comfort and sleep promoting in people in intensive care and in critical condition. Conclusion: The development of knowledge about nursing interventions in the context of critical care will allow the mapping of a set of interventions that focus on promoting the comfort of the person in critical situation.

Gasoline and ethanol fuels have been adulterated with methanol in Brazil. Methanol is not permitted in concentrations greater than 0.5 vol% due its toxicity but its lower price stimulates the adulteration. A new approach for quantitative analysis of methanol in gasoline and ethanol fuels is reported employing high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with refractive index (RI) detector on C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) using deionized water as mobile phase (0.6 mL min−1). The method showed good analytical performance in terms of linearity for methanol concentration ranging from 0.5 to 4.5 vol% (coefficient of determination (R2) = 0.999) and from 4.0 to 12.0 vol% (R2 = 0.998). The recoveries (accuracy) values ranged from 98.6 to 103.2%. The results indicated that the developed method is accurate and suitable for the determination of methanol in gasoline with ethanol and ethanol fuel as an alternative procedure to gas chromatography (GC)-based techniques.

The present work aims at studying the preconcentration of Cu2+ ions by solid phase extraction using SiO2/Al2O3/TiO2 ternary oxide as adsorbent material. This methodology consists of the affinity of the analyte for the adsorbent material and its subsequent elution with the least amount of solvent. Subsequently, the aqueous phase containing the extracted analyte was collected and analyzed by square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SW-ASV). For the applied solid phase extraction (SPE) methodology, a complete factorial design was carried out with 3 variables at 2 levels (pH, elution flow rate and analyte concentration) to optimize the extraction conditions. The results showed that at pH 9, the SiO2/Al2O3/TiO2 oxide presents excellent Cu2+ adsorption capacity with recovery values between 81.0 and 104% for this pH range. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) values were determined to be 1.71 and 5.64 µg L-1, respectively. The study of recovery for SPE method revealed results of 102 and 103%.

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da anemia infecciosa equina (AIE) no desempenho físico de equinos da região do Pantanal brasileiro. Foram avaliados 16 machos, divididos em dois grupos: 8 soronegativos (G1) e 8 soropositivos (G2) para AIE. Dois testes de esforço progressivo foram realizados, antes (T1) e após (T2) 42 dias de treinamento. Foram registrados frequência cardíaca, concentração de lactato, distância percorrida e níveis de hematócrito. Em ambos os testes, o G1 percorreu uma distância maior. No T2, o G2 apresentou menores níveis de hematócrito e menor velocidade obtida a diferentes concentrações de lactato e frequências cardíacas. O desempenho atlético dos equídeos avaliados é afetado pela anemia infecciosa equina.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of equine infectious anemia (EIA) on the physical performance of equines from the Brazilian Pantanal region. A total of 16 males were evaluated, divided into two groups: 8 seronegative (G1) and 8 seropositive (G2) for EIA. Two graded exercise tests were carried out before (T1) and after (T2) 42 days of training. Heart rate, lactate concentration, distance covered, and hematocrit level were recorded. In both tests, G1 covered a greater distance. In T2, G2 had lower hematocrit levels and lower speeds reached at different lactate concentrations and heart rates. The athletic performance of the evaluated equines is affected by equine infectious anemia.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to assess the physical performance of Pantaneiro horses with and without equine infectious anemia (EIA) under functional conditions of cattle management. The horses were subjected to a performance test and split into two groups according to a completely randomized design: animals were chosen from populations testing positive and negative for EIA. Performance was measured as a function of a data envelopment analysis (DEA) model considering four outputs and one unitary input. The output measures were the distance achieved in the performance test, hematocrit as a weighted average over the test duration, respiratory rate as weighted average over the test duration, and the level of lactic acid at the test termination. Weights for the hematocrit and the respiratory rate output variables were determined by means of factor analysis. The performance score was a weighted average of the output variables with the weights defined by the averages of the optimum individual multipliers in the DEA analysis. Contextual variables of interest were age, horse weight, room temperature, and corporal temperature. Only groups and room temperature were statistically significant effects, as indicated by a bootstrap analysis. The performance of group positive for EIA is significantly lower than that of the group negative for EIA and room temperature has a negative effect.

RESUMO: O poeta e dramaturgo Bertolt Brecht vivenciou o período de efervescência cultural durante a República de Weimar, interrompido pela ascensão do Partido Nacional Socialista na Alemanha, que determinou a emigração de muitos intelectuais. No exílio desde 1933 até o final da Segunda Guerra, o escritor, familiarizado com a teoria marxista, fez reflexões sobre a classe operária e sua relação com o nazismo em suas peças, seu filme, em sua correspondência pessoal e em seus diários de trabalho. Alguns desses documentos permitem antever sua interpretação dialética da história imediata a partir da perspectiva marxista, no relato dos acontecimentos políticos relacionados à guerra e em sua expectativa quanto à emancipação do proletariado.

ABSTRACT: Poet and drama author Bertolt Brecht, lived in a period of cultural effervescence in the Weimar Republic, disrupted by the rise to power of the National Socialist Party in Germany, which determined the emigration of many intellectuals. In exile from 1933 till after the end of the Second World War, the writer made reflections on the state of the working class and its relation to nazism which are at his plays, at his film, his private letters, and at his working journals. Some of these documents allow us to see his dialectical interpretation of immediate history from a Marxist perspective and from the account of political events related both to war as to the emancipation of the proletariat.

The aim of this paper was to use colorimetric assays for hydroxamic acid to quantify the biodiesel content in diesel and compare it with the traditional method (infrared spectroscopy, using the EN 14078 method). Samples were prepared from B2 to B10 with two kinds of diesel - S500 (red) and S50 (yellow) - to obtain two calibration curves. Through statistical methods it was shown that the slopes of the straight lines obtained for the different types of diesel were the same. Thus, the type of diesel did not influence the results of the colorimetric assay for hydroxamic acid. Real samples collected from gas stations were analyzed by both methods (colorimetry and EN 14078). By applying Student's t-test it was concluded that the methods could be considered statistically equivalent. Therefore, it was confirmed that the colorimetric assay for hydroxamic acid is suitable for detecting and quantifying the content of biodiesel in biodiesel/diesel blends and can also be easily adapted to field analyses.

ABSTRACT This descriptive, transversal research aimed to characterize the elderly patients receiving hemodialysis therapy, in relation to socio-demographic and clinical aspects, in two nephrology centers in the city of Natal in the Northeast of Brazil, in January – March 2014. A total of 81 patients aged 60 years old or over participated in the study. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee. Through a structured questionnaire, it was identified that the patients’ mean age was 70.2 years old (± 7.4), 60.5% were married and 81.5% had either completed or not junior high school. The mean time in dialysis was 3.5 years (± 2.2), 48.1% were hypertensives, 11.1% were diabetics, and 34.6% presented association of the two clinical comorbidities. The development of chronic kidney disease and dependence on hemodialysis treatment in elderly patients represent challenges to health managers, professionals and family members.

RESUMEN Investigación descriptiva, transversal que tuvo como objetivo caracterizar los pacientes ancianos sometidos a la terapia hemodialítica, cuanto a los aspectos sociodemográficos y clínicos, en dos centros de nefrología de la ciudad de Natal, nordeste de Brasil, en periodo de enero a marzo de 2014. Participaron del estudio 81 pacientes con edad igual o superior a 60 años. El proyecto fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética. Por medio de formulario estructurado, se identificó que la media de edad de los pacientes fue de 70,2 años (± 7,4), 60,5% eran casados y 81,5% tenían enseñanza básica completa o incompleta. La media de tiempo en diálisis fue de 3,5 años (± 2,2), 48,1% eran hipertensos, 11,1% diabéticos y 34,6% presentaban asociación de los dos comorbilidades clínicas. El desarrollo de enfermedad renal crónica y la dependencia de tratamiento hemodialítico en pacientes ancianos representan desafíos a los gestores de salud, profesionales y familiares.

RESUMO Pesquisa descritiva, transversal que visou caracterizar os pacientes idosos submetidos à terapia hemodialítica, quanto aos aspectos sociodemográficos e clínicos, em dois centros de nefrologia da cidade de Natal, nordeste do Brasil, no período de janeiro a março de 2014. Participaram do estudo 81 pacientes com idade igual ou superior a 60 anos. O projeto obteve aprovação de Comitê de Ética. Por meio de formulário estruturado identificou-se que a média de idade dos pacientes foi de 70,2 anos (± 7,4), 60,5% eram casados e 81,5% com ensino fundamental completo ou incompleto. A média de tempo em diálise foi de 3,5 anos (± 2,2), 48,1% eram hipertensos, 11,1% diabéticos e 34,6% apresentavam associação das duas comorbidades clínicas. O desenvolvimento de doença renal crônica e a dependência de tratamento hemodialítico em pacientes idosos representam desafios aos gestores de saúde, profissionais e familiares.

La Escala de Motivación Deportiva fue desarrollada en francés, traducida al inglés, y validada por Pelletier et al. (1995). Está basada en los principios de la Teoría de la autodeterminación. El presente estudio tradujo la versión en inglés al portugués para validarla con brasileños, utilizando una muestra de 419 deportistas (127 mujeres y 292 hombres) pertenecientes a diez modalidades. La versión brasileña demostró niveles satisfactorios de consistencia interna y estabilidad temporal, durante cuatro semanas. Los resultados del análisis factorial confirmatorio soportaron parcialmente la estructura de siete factores. Diferencias por sexo fueron encontradas en todas las subescalas. Los resultados confirman la posibilidad de utilización de la versión brasileña para evaluar la motivación en el deporte.

The Sport Motivation Scale was firstly developed in French and later translated into English and validated by Pelletier et al. (1995). It is based on the principles of self-determination theory. The present study translated the English version into Portuguese to access and validate it with Brazilian athletes using a sample of 419 athletes (127 women and 292 men) from ten sports. The Brazilian version of the scale showed satisfactory levels of internal consistency and temporal stability over a four-week period. The results of a confirmatory factor analysis partially supported the seven-factor structure. Finally, gender differences were found in all subscales. Taken together, these findings support the use of the Brazilian version of the scale for the assessment of motivation in sport.

Interlaboratorial comparison of the determination of hardness and chloride in water had been performed by 38 and 37 laboratories, respectively. In all cases the participating laboratories used its routine methods. Homogeneity and stability testing were performed on the samples sent to the laboratories. The codified results are graphically reported and compared to assigned value, determined by the consensus of the laboratories. Satisfactory results were obtained for 71 and 73% of the laboratories, considering hardness and chloride determination, respectively.

Redigida por estudantes brasileiros residentes em Paris - Domingos José Gonçalves de Magalhães, Manuel Araújo Porto Alegre e Francisco Sales Torres Homem -, a revista Niterói (1836) manifestava o propósito das revistas literárias do século XIX de fomentar o amor à literatura, às artes e às ciências, e se nutriu do contato dos seus redatores com a intelectualidade francesa e com as novas ideias filosóficas que triunfaram no período. Com base nas memórias apresentadas nas sessões do Institut Historique de Paris, na correspondência dos autores e nos artigos da revista Niterói, buscamos reconstituir a proposta de afirmação da nacionalidade realizada através dos preceitos do historicismo, demonstrando que as artes e a literatura eram entendidas como alicerces sobre os quais a nação deveria se edificar para concretizar sua independência.

The Niterói (1836), a review published by young Brazilian students living in Paris - Domingos José Gonçalves de Magalhães, Manuel Araújo Porto Alegre, and Francisco Sales Torres Homem -, expressed the inclination of major literary reviews in the 19th century, which was to stimulate enthusiasm for literature, arts and sciences. It profited from the contact established between its editors and French intellectuals, as much as from philosophical ideas that triumphed at the time. By analyzing memoirs, letters and essays published at the Niterói, we wished to recognize the proposition of its publishers of confirming nationality through the precept of historicism. It shows that arts and literature were perceived as grounds upon which the nation should be built in order to accomplish its independence.

Frutos, sementes e plântulas de Crotalaria lanceolata, conhecida popularmente como guizo-de-cascavel, chocalho-de-cobra, xique-xique ou feijão-de-guizo, planta tóxica infestante que ocorre no Estado de São Paulo, foram estudadas morfologicamente e citogeneticamente. Os frutos são secos, deiscentes, polispérmicos e do tipo legume. As sementes são reniformes e o embrião é constituído de eixo embrionário e dois cotilédones. A testa pode apresentar variadas tonalidades de castanhos. A germinação é epígea e fanerocotiledonar. A espécie apresenta número cromossômico diplóide 2n = 16 com formulação cariotípica 12M + 4SM e comprimento cromossômico médio geral de 3,340 ± 0,689.

Crotalaria lanceolata, known popularly as "guizo-de-cascavel", "xique-xique" or "feijão-de-guizo", is a toxic weed that occurs in the state of Sao Paulo. Fruits, seeds and seedlings were studied morphologically and cytogenetically. The fruits are dry, dehiscent, polyspermic legumes. The seeds are kidney shaped and the embryo consists of an embryonic axis and two cotyledons. The seed tegument comes in various chestnut tones. Germination is phanerocotylar and epigeal. The species has a mitotic chromosome number 2n = 16 with karyotype formula 12M + 4SM; overall mean chromosome length is 3.340 ± 0.689.